儿童与成人分泌性中耳炎的临床分析

目的：探讨儿童与成人分泌性中耳炎（SOM）在病因、病程、临床特征和听力学等方面的异同。方法：对42例（74耳）儿童和34例（43耳）成人SOM患者术前临床资料及听力学检查资料进行对比分析。结果：儿童SOM平均病程较成人短,以腺样体肥大多见,成人以中耳乳突炎多见。C型鼓室导抗图的成人患者鼓室负压大于儿童（P〈0．05）。儿童与成人SOM各频率气导听阈均提高,并且都可出现骨导听阈提高,以高频2、4kHz为主,且成人高频4kHz骨导听阈提高较儿童明显（P〈0．05）。结论：儿童病程一般较成人短,以腺样体肥大多见,易引起中耳积液。儿童SOM与成人一样都可以引起感音神经性聋,以高频损害为主,但高频下降没有成人明显,但由于可造成儿童学语与认知方面的不良后果,应及时干预和诊治。     

Exploring the Risk of Suicide in Real Time on Spanish Twitter: Observational Study

BackgroundSocial media is now a common context wherein people express their feelings in real time. These platforms are increasingly showing their potential to detect the mental health status of the population. Suicide prevention is a global health priority and efforts toward early detection are starting to develop, although there is a need for more robust research.ObjectiveWe aimed to explore the emotional content of Twitter posts in Spanish and their relationships with severity of the risk of suicide at the time of writing the tweet.MethodsTweets containing a specific lexicon relating to suicide were filtered through Twitter''s public application programming interface. Expert psychologists were trained to independently evaluate these tweets. Each tweet was evaluated by 3 experts. Tweets were filtered by experts according to their relevance to the risk of suicide. In the tweets, the experts evaluated: (1) the severity of the general risk of suicide and the risk of suicide at the time of writing the tweet (2) the emotional valence and intensity of 5 basic emotions; (3) relevant personality traits; and (4) other relevant risk variables such as helplessness, desire to escape, perceived social support, and intensity of suicidal ideation. Correlation and multivariate analyses were performed.ResultsOf 2509 tweets, 8.61% (n=216) were considered to indicate suicidality by most experts. Severity of the risk of suicide at the time was correlated with sadness (ρ=0.266; P<.001), joy (ρ=–0.234; P=.001), general risk (ρ=0.908; P<.001), and intensity of suicidal ideation (ρ=0.766; P<.001). The severity of risk at the time of the tweet was significantly higher in people who expressed feelings of defeat and rejection (P=.003), a desire to escape (P<.001), a lack of social support (P=.03), helplessness (P=.001), and daily recurrent thoughts (P=.007). In the multivariate analysis, the intensity of suicide ideation was a predictor for the severity of suicidal risk at the time (β=0.311; P=.001), as well as being a predictor for fear (β=–0.009; P=.01) and emotional valence (β=0.007; P=.009). The model explained 75% of the variance.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that it is possible to identify emotional content and other risk factors in suicidal tweets with a Spanish sample. Emotional analysis and, in particular, the detection of emotional variations may be key for real-time suicide prevention through social media.     

7,7'-Dimethoxyagastisflavone-induced apoptotic or autophagic cell death in different cancer cells

7,7'-Dimethoxyagastisflavone (DMGF), a biflavonoid isolated from the needles of Taxus × media cv. Hicksii, was evaluated for its antiproliferative and antineoplastic effects in three human cancer cell lines. Interestingly, DMGF caused cell death via different pathways in different cancer cells. DMGF induced apoptosis, activated caspase-3 activity and changed the mitochondrial membrane potential in HT-29 human colon cancer cells. However, the apoptotic pathway is not the major pathway involved in DMGF-induced cell death in A549 human lung cancer cells and HepG2 human hepatoma cells. Treatment with 3-MA, an inhibitor of autophagy, significantly decreased DMGF-induced cell death in HepG2 and A549 cells, but did not affect DMGF-induced cell death in HT-29 cells. Following DMGF treatment, the HepG2 cells increased expression of LC3B-II, a marker used to monitor autophagy in cells. Thus, DMGF induced apoptotic cell death in HT-29 cells, triggered both apoptotic and autophagic death in A549 cells and induced autophagic cell death in HepG2 cells.     

电针合法舒地尔对改善急性中耳炎豚鼠耳蜗微循环的研究

目的：研究电针配合法舒地尔对豚鼠急性中耳炎模型耳蜗血流量、平均动脉压及血清学指标改变的影响。方法：使用注射金葡菌液的方法建立豚鼠急性中耳炎模型,将造模成功的80只豚鼠随机分为4组：单纯使用电针组（A组）、单纯使用法舒地尔组（B组）、电针配合法舒地尔组（C组）、对照组（D组）,每组20只。各组予相应药物干预10d,检测耳蜗血流量、平均动脉压及血清TNF-α、IL-6含量。结果：电针或法舒地尔均能改善耳蜗血流量、平均动脉压及血清TNF-α、IL-6含量,两者联合使用,指标改善更明显。结论：电针能明显改善急性中耳炎豚鼠耳蜗微循环,配合法舒地尔效果更好。     

中药汤膏并用对高血压患者颈动脉内中膜厚度、血脂及血液流变学的影响

目的：观察中药稳斑汤与硬膏穴位贴敷联合辛伐他汀胶囊对高血压患者颈动脉内中膜厚度、血脂及血流变学的影响。方法：选择经确诊的原发性高血压患者60例,随机分为2组：治疗组30例采用中药稳斑汤、硬膏穴位贴敷联合辛伐他汀胶囊;对照组30例采用单纯西药辛伐他汀胶囊。观察治疗前和治疗后患者颈动脉内中膜厚度、血脂及血流变学的影响。结果：治疗组动脉内中膜厚度（IMT）较治疗前减少,两组比较有显著差异（P〈0.05）。治疗前后血脂水平的变化与治疗前比较P〈0.01;与对照组比较P〈0.05。两组治疗前后血液流变学指标比较与同组治疗前比较,P〈0.05;与对照组治疗后比较,P〈0.05。结论：中药稳斑汤与硬膏穴位贴敷联合辛伐他汀胶囊对高血压患者颈动脉内中膜厚度、血脂及血流变学的改善明显。     

Embryotoxicity of micropore filters used in liquid sterilization

Microfiltration is the usual method of sterilization of tissue culture media. The filtrates of eight commercial filters were tested for embryotoxicity using mouse embryo growth. Four of five disk filters tested showed embryotoxicity in the first 5 ml of filtrate and the three largercapacity filters showed embryotoxicity for up to the first 10 ml of filtrate. The ethylene oxide-sterilized filters appeared to give poorer results than the gamma-irradiated filters. The importance of discarding the initial filtrate or preflushing such filters before use is emphasized.     

中学生接触媒体性相关信息情况及其对性与生殖健康知识的影响

目的:了解中学生接触不同类型媒体性相关信息的情况及其对性与生殖健康知识的影响。方法:在上海市某区6所中学随机抽取1 403名中学生进行匿名电子问卷调查。结果:调查对象平均每日接触各类媒体的时间中位数和四分位数间距分别为190.2 min和107.1-342.9 min,其中在网络上花费时间最多;对象从不同媒体获取过性相关信息的比例不同,排在前3位的媒体是电视、电影、网络,获取的性相关信息主要为生理卫生知识,其次为处理恋爱/婚姻/家庭关系;19%左右的调查对象接触过色情信息。多因素分析结果显示,从电视、电影或网络获取过性相关信息、接触过色情信息的调查对象,其性与生殖健康知识得分较高;电视、电影或网络对中学生性与生殖健康知识的影响程度仅次于学校性教育;从小说/书/期刊/杂志、报纸获取过性相关信息与对象性与生殖健康知识之间无统计学关联。结论:电视、电影或网络是中学生获取性与生殖健康知识的重要途径,也是中学生性与生殖健康知识水平的影响因素。     

58例非离子型碘造影剂不良反应报告分析

目的：调查非离子型碘造影剂的不良反应,探讨其安全性。方法：收集院内2009～2012年医师、护士、药师自发呈报的所有非离子型碘造影剂ADR报告并进行统计分析。结果：共收到ADR报告58份,其中轻度反应28例,中度反应26例,重度反应4例,无死亡病例,过敏反应构成比最高,出现时间均在30 min内。结论：我院使用非离子型碘造影剂较安全,得益于用药前预防和准备,用药时密切观察,出现不良反应时及时正确救治。     

左氧氟沙星联合地塞米松滴耳治疗化脓性中耳炎临床观察

目的探讨左氧氟沙星联合地塞米松滴耳治疗化脓性中耳炎的临床疗效,以及对患者血清和耳积液中白细胞介素8(IL-8)、降钙素原(PCT)、转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)水平的影响。方法选取十堰市太和医院2015年2月至2018年2月收治的急性化脓性中耳炎患者270例,按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,各135例。两组患者均予左氧氟沙星滴耳治疗,观察组患者加用地塞米松滴耳治疗。结果观察组总有效率为91.11%,显著高于对照组的77.04%(P<0.05);与治疗前比较,两组患者治疗后的血清及耳积液中IL-8,PCT,TGF-β1水平均显著降低(P<0.05),病菌清除率、气导(AC)听阈和气骨导差(ABG)改善幅度均显著升高,观察组患者上述指标改善程度均显著优于对照组(P<0.05);两组患者恶心、头晕、乏力、瘙痒、皮疹等不良反应的发生率无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论左氧氟沙星联合地塞米松滴耳治疗急性化脓性中耳炎,可显著降低患者血清及耳积液中IL-8,PCT,TGF-β1水平。